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Resilience and Stability of Ecological Systems

Holling, C.S.

Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 1973

Foundational theory of ecological resilience; framework applied to urban systems and post-disaster recovery

Holling’s distinction between resilience and stability in ecological systems is foundational theory. The conceptual framework for adaptive recovery builds on this work, where the goal is not to restore pre-disaster conditions but to build capacity for absorbing future disturbance.